Chapter Summary Notes

Adam Smith argued the economical advantages of vision of labor, and the breakdown of personal credit traces into narrow and instant tasks, cognize as Job specialization. role of labor increased productivity by increasing each rangeers skill and dexterity, by saving term lost in changing tasks. 2. 18th Century industrial Revolution the main contribution of the industrial revolution was that human power was replaced by machine power, which then made it much economical to manufacture computables In factories kind of than at home.Large, efficient factories require managerial skills, as they had to ensure that demand was met, complete eternal was on hand to restrain production, keisterign tasks to muckle, direct daily activities, arrange various tasks, ensure the machines were still running play efficiently and were kept in good condition while maintaining standards, etc. in that location be 6 different move upes to counsel 1. Scientific concern an approach that in volves victimisation scientific appearances to define the single silk hat way for a Job to be done. The aim of this system is to make musical arrangements and locomoteers be as efficient as possible.Frederick W. Taylor was one of the first to Introduce methods of scientific steering. He Introduced 4 principles of management a. Develop a science for each element of an Individuals work with standardized work Implements and efficient methods for all(a) to follow b. Scientifically select workers with skills and abilities that taking into custody each job and train them in the most efficient ways to compass tasks c. Ensure cooperation through incentives and provide the work environment that reinforces optimal work results in a scientific manner d. realistic responsibility for managing and for working, while supporting somebodys in work groups doing what they do best. Some people argon more capable of managing, whereas others ar better at per salmagundiing tasks fixed out t o them. These guidelines are still utilise today for improving efficiency and production. They are used when managers analyses the basic work tasks that essentialiness be performed, use time-and-motion study to authorize wasted motions, hire the best-qualified workers for a Job and design incentive systems based on output. . General administrative theory an approach to management that focuses on describing what managers do and what established good management practice. There were 2 significant theorists in developing this method Henry Offal and gunk Weber. Henry political platformning, organizing, dictationing, arrange and controlling. He stated 14 principles of management, which are fundamental rules of management that could be taught and apply to all organizational situations.They include a) variance of work specialization increases output by making employees more efficient b) dominance managers must be able to feed coifs c) discipline employees must obey and keep the rules that govern the organization d) unity of command every employee should receive orders from only nee superior e) unity of direction organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers f) subordination of individual interests to the general interest interests of one employee should not take precedence of the organization as a whole g) remuneration workers must be paid a clear wage for their services h) concentration the phase to which subordinates are involved in ratiocination making I) scalar chain line of authority from top to bottom j) order people and materials should be in the practiced place at the right time k) equity managers should be kind and circus to their subordinates l) stability of tenure of response management should provide orderly personnel homework to ensure that replacement are getable to fill vacancies m) initiative employees who are allowed to come out and carry out plans will defend high levels of effort n) esprit D e corps promoting group spirit will build congruity and unity within the organization Max Weber he developed a theory of authority structures based on an ideal type of organization he called a bureaucracy a form of organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations, and neutral relationships. 3. Initiative approach the use of numeric techniques to improve decision making. Total spirit Management a philosophy of management driven by continual feeler and responding to customer conveys and expectations.This approach has contributed nowadays to managerial decision making in the areas of planning and control, such as when managers need to budget, schedule, quality control and similar decisions are made. 4. Organizational behavior a expanse of study concerned with the actions (behaviors) of people at work. Hawthorne studies a series of studies during the sass and ass that provided insight into individual and group behavior. compassionate relations movement the belief, for the most distinguish unsubstantiated by research, that a fit worker will be productive. behavioural science theorists psychologists and sociologists who relied on scientific method for study of organizational behavior. 5. Yeasts approach known as one of the contemporary approaches. It is a set of interrelated and interdependent move arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole. Closed systems systems that are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment.